{"id":32,"date":"2026-03-12T20:11:21","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T20:11:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/?p=32"},"modified":"2026-03-12T20:11:21","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T20:11:21","slug":"%d0%b7%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%be-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%b5%d0%ba%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%bd%d0%be-%d0%b2%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%b5-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%ba-11-%d0%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/2026\/03\/12\/%d0%b7%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%be-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%b5%d0%ba%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%bd%d0%be-%d0%b2%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%b5-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%ba-11-%d0%bf\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0417\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435: \u041a\u0430\u043a 1:1 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0442\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041c\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a (8 \u0433.) \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430: \u201e\u041c\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441?&#8221;. \u041e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0445: \u201e\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435! \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044a\u043a \u2013 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0438 &#8216;\u041f\u0438\u043f\u0438 \u0414\u044a\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0447\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0447\u0435&#8217; \u0438\u043b\u0438 &#8216;\u041f\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e&#8217;?&#8221;. \u0422\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0434\u044a\u0445\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u044a\u043b\u0448\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e&#8221; \u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u2013 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-3-768x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-3-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-3-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-3-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-3.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434 \u201e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430&#8221;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044a\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 1491 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430: \u0433\u0435\u0439\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442 30% \u043f\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442 34% \u043f\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 (Cummings &amp; Vandewater, 2007). \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0438\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u0432 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430. \u0412\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u201e\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e&#8221; \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (Przybylski &amp; Weinstein, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e 1:1 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0449\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u201e\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0430&#8221; \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u044a\u043d\u0448\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0430 (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2000).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"675\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-1-675x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-35\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-1-675x1024.jpeg 675w, https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-1-198x300.jpeg 198w, https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-1-768x1166.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-1-1012x1536.jpeg 1012w, https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-1.jpeg 1054w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0449\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0421\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0435. \u0418\u0441\u043a\u0430 2 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430? \u0422\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435 2 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 (Wigfield et al., 2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u201e\u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f&#8221;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0427\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041c\u043e\u0437\u044a\u043a\u044a\u0442 \u0433\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442 (Bandura, 1977).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0418\u0437\u0431\u044f\u0433\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u044f\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u2013 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043b\u0438\u043f\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f&#8221; \u0437\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0435 (Kohn, 1993).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0412\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0417\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442 (7\u201312 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e 1:1 (1 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435 = 1 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0422\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u201e\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442&#8221; \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0438\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u201e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435&#8221;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 (Marinak &amp; Gambrell, 2007):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044a\u043a \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440. \u201e\u041f\u0438\u043f\u0438 \u0414\u044a\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0447\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0447\u0435&#8221;, \u201e\u041f\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e&#8221;)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440. \u201e\u041b\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430&#8221;, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0445\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0438<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0414\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0424\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0413\u044a\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u201e\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0432\u0430&#8221; \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0438 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0438 (\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-768x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-34\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image.jpeg 1017w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044f\u0433\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0417\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e 1:1 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044f\u0433\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0410\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u201e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0431\u044f\u0433\u0430&#8221; \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442. <strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440. \u201e\u0412\u0438\u0436 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0438\u0446\u0430!&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0418\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435:<\/strong> \u0417\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044a\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d, \u0430\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0435. <strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u041f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044a\u043a\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440. \u201e\u041f\u0438\u043f\u0438 \u0414\u044a\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0447\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0447\u0435&#8221; \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u201e\u041b\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430:<\/strong> \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0434\u044a\u043b\u044a\u0433 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0435\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e. <strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0438\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0414\u044a\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0418\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0446\u0438<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u0435\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438 (Torrance, 1988).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0430 (Przybylski et al., 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435, \u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u044a\u0444\u0442\u044f\u0432\u0430 (Gambrell et al., 1996).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-2-768x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-2-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-2-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-2-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-2.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e 1:1 \u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u044f \u043f\u044a\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435: \u201e\u041a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044a\u043a \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441?&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044a\u043a \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0412 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cummings, H. M., &amp; Vandewater, E. A. (2007). Relation of adolescent video game play to time spent in other activities. Archives of Pediatrics &amp; Adolescent Medicine, 161(7), 684\u2013689.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gambrell, L. B., Palmer, B. M., Codling, R. M., &amp; Mazzoni, S. A. (1996). Assessing motivation to read. The Reading Teacher, 49(7), 518\u2013533.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kohn, A. (1993). Punished by Rewards: The Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, A&#8217;s, Praise, and Other Bribes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Marinak, B. A., &amp; Gambrell, L. B. (2007). Intrinsic motivation and rewards: What sustains young children&#8217;s engagement with text? Literacy Research and Instruction, 47(1), 9\u201326.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., &amp; Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841\u20131848.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Przybylski, A. K., &amp; Weinstein, N. (2019). Digital screen time limits and young children&#8217;s psychological well-being. Child Development, 90(1), 56\u201365.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ryan, R. M., &amp; Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68\u201378.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Torrance, E. P. (1988). The nature of creativity as manifest in its testing. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity (pp. 43\u201375). Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wigfield, A., Gladstone, J. R., &amp; Turci, L. (2016). Beyond cognition: Reading motivation and reading comprehension. Child Development Perspectives, 10(3), 190\u2013195.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e 1:1 \u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u044f \u043f\u044a\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435: \u201e\u041a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044a\u043a \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441?&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":37,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-5"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47,"href":"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32\/revisions\/47"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iskrahub.bg\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}